Awareness and Perceptions of Farmers about Water Pollution in Rajasthan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26725/JEE.2024.1.36.7151-7163Keywords:
Legal Awareness; Legal Perception; Water Pollution; Laws and Acts; Latent Class Analysis; RajasthanAbstract
This study assessed 120 farmers’ awareness and perceptions of water pollution in Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Findings revealed that most of the farmers had low legal literacy (67.50%), with limited awareness on laws such as the Environment Protection Act, 1986, and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. While 85.83 per cent perceived visible effects of water pollution, such as foul smells, only 13.33 per cent were aware of specific legal frameworks. Television and social media emerged as primary information sources. The study highlights the need for targeted legal literacy programmes to empower farmers in addressing water pollution issues.References
Central Ground Water Board. (2023). Annual report on groundwater quality monitoring 2022–2023. Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India.
Central Pollution Control Board. (1974). The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India.
Central Pollution Control Board. (1977). The Air and Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Cess Act, 1977. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India.
Dasgupta, P. (2022). Economic implications of water pollution in India. Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, 5(2), 145–161.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2022). Water pollution from agriculture: A global review. FAO and International Water Management Institute (IWMI). https://www.fao.org/3/ca0146en/CA0146EN.pdf
Gupta, S., Mishra, R., & Patel, V. (2020). Nutrient runoff and water quality degradation in India: Challenges and solutions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(11), 12354–12362.
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. (1986a). The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Government of India.
Ministry of Jal Shakti. (2022). Jal Shakti Abhiyan– Catch the Rain: Progress and implementation report. Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India.
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation. (2012). National Water Policy, 2012. Government of India.
Prasad, R., & Singh, M. (2023). Legal literacy among farmers: A key to sustainable agriculture. Indian Journal of Rural Development, 42(3), 211–225.
Sharma, M., & Mehta, R. (2021). Legal literacy as a tool for sustainable water management: A study of farmers in India. Indian Journal of Environmental Law, 15(2), 89–105.
Sharma, P., & Patel, R. (2024). Bridging water governance and farmer awareness: A review of legal and institutional gaps in Rajasthan. Journal of Environmental Policy and Law, 50(2), 145–159.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with JEE agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant JEE right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Extension Education Society
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
